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Tooth decay is a gradual process. If it is not treated, it turns into a hole in the tooth. Bacteria that accumulate in the mouth form a sticky substance called plaque. Plaque becomes sticky whenever starchy or sugary products are consumed. If this situation is not intervened, the plaque can harden in the form of tartar. Tartar and bacteria that form in plaque form an acid that damages the mineral content of tooth enamel. This can cause a hole in the tooth, called caries.

If the hole, called caries, gets deeper, it penetrates the soft inner part of the tooth. If it penetrates too deeply, it may expand to the pulp of the tooth. If a decayed tooth becomes severe in this way, it can be very painful and can lead to tooth loss.